The Impact of Digital Transformation on National Income: A Systematic Literature Review (SLR)
Abstract
This study aims to analyze the impact of digital transformation on national income and identify the contribution of e-commerce, fintech, and digital infrastructure in supporting national economic growth. The study used the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method with a qualitative descriptive approach. Research data were obtained from the Scopus database using the Publish or Perish (PoP) application with a publication range of 2020–2025. The article selection process was carried out using the PRISMA method through the stages of identification, screening, eligibility, and inclusion. The initial search results obtained 399 articles, then selected until 15 articles were obtained that met the inclusion criteria and were used as the main sources of the study. The results show that digital transformation has a positive impact on economic growth and national income. The development of e-commerce increases digital trading activities and contributions to GDP, fintech increases financial inclusion and the efficiency of economic transactions, while digital infrastructure and internet penetration support people's economic productivity. Furthermore, the use of digital technology can create efficiency, expand markets, and increase national economic competitiveness.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Ardianto, R., Ramdhani, RF, Dewi, LOA, Prabowo, A., Saputri, YW, Lestari, AS, & Hadi, N. (2024). Digital transformation and anticipation of global economic changes in the banking world. MARAS: Journal of Multidisciplinary Research , 2 (1), 80–88.
Bank Indonesia. (nd). Digital-Economics-and-Finance-Concept-and-Implementation-in-Indonesia.pdf .
Banks, W. (2016). World Development Report 2016: Digital Dividends . World Bank. https://doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-0671-1
Cheng, C.Y. (2021). ICT Diffusion, Financial Development, and Economic Growth: An International Cross-Country Analysis. Economic Modelling , 94 , 662–671. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2020.02.008
Ciarli, T. (2021). Digital technologies, innovation, and skills: Emerging trajectories and challenges. In Research Policy (Vol. 50, Issue 7). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2021.104289
Dewi, DD (2024). National Income and Economic Growth. Indonesian Economy , 34 , 2024.
Fadillah, ZI (2025). Innovation and digital transformation strategies to increase business competitiveness in the industrial era 4.0. JMEB Journal of Economic & Business Management , 3 (01).
Gong, C., & Ribiere, V. (2021). Developing a Unified Definition of Digital Transformation. Technovation , 102 , 102217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2020.102217
Hanelt, A., Bohnsack, R., Marz, D., & Antunes Marante, C. (2021). A Systematic Review of the Literature on Digital Transformation: Insights and Implications for Strategy and Organizational Change. Journal of Management Studies , 58 (5), 1159–1197. https://doi.org/10.1111/joms.12639
Hanna, N. K. (2020). Assessing the digital economy : aims , frameworks , pilots , results , and lessons . 1 , 1–16.
Kitchenham, B. (2004). Procedures for Performing Systematic Reviews . Keele University.
Kumari, R., & Singh, S. K. (2024). Impact of ICT Infrastructure, Financial Development, and Trade Openness on Economic Growth: New Evidence from Low- and High-Income Countries. Journal of the Knowledge Economy , 15 (2), 7069–7098. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-023-01332-7
Luqiana, JN (2026). The Role of Digital Technology in Increasing Economic Efficiency and Productivity in Indonesia. Journal of Economics, Commerce, and Organization , 1 (1), 47–57.
Mankiw, N.G. (2021). Principles of Economics (9th ed.). Cengage Learning.
Myovella, G., Karacuka, M., & Haucap, J. (2020). Digitalization and Economic Growth: A Comparative Analysis of Sub-Saharan Africa and OECD Economies. Telecommunications Policy , 44 (2), 101856. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2019.101856
OECD. (2020). OECD Digital Economy Outlook 2020 . OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/bb167041-en
Pradhan, RP, Arvin, MB, Nair, MS, Hall, JH, & Bennett, SE (2021). Sustainable Economic Development in India: The Dynamics Between Financial Inclusion, ICT Development, and Economic Growth. Technological Forecasting and Social Change , 169 , 120758. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2021.120758
Purba, DS, Permatasari, PD, Tanjung, N., Fitriani, R., Wulandari, S., Islam, U., Sumatera, N., Muslim, U., Al, N., & Ekonomi, P. (2025). ANALYSIS OF DIGITAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT . 10 (204), 126–139.
Rahman, H.U., Ali, G., Zaman, U., & Pugnetti, C. (2021). Role of ICT Investment and Diffusion in the Economic Growth: A Threshold Approach for the Empirical Evidence from Pakistan. International Journal of Financial Studies , 9 (1), 14. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijfs9010014
Samuelson, P. A., & Nordhaus, W. D. (2010). Economics (19th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.
Solow, R. M. (1957). Technical Change and the Aggregate Production Function. The Review of Economics and Statistics , 39 (3), 312–320. https://doi.org/10.2307/1926047
Sukirno, S. (2016). Macroeconomics: Introductory Theory . PT RajaGrafindo Persada.
Sukirno, S. (2019). Macroeconomics: Introductory Theory (3rd ed.). Rajawali Pers.
Todaro, M. P., & Smith, S. C. (2015). Economic Development . Pearson Education.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.56114/al-sharf.v7i2.13500
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
ISSN 2723-5440 (Online)
